Wavetek 132 Especificações Página 1

This document was downloaded on May 17, 2015 at 02:45:21 Author(s) Cookson, Shireen M.Title Laboratory experiments for communications analysisPublishe

LIST OF REFERENCES 123 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 125 vui

Lab 4: Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Time-Division Multiplexing Objective: To generate Frequency-Division Multiplexed (FDM) and Time-Division Mu

(1) lOOß resistor (1) 10 uf capacitor (1) .1 uf capacitor (1) .047 uf capacitor (1) .0033 uf capacitor Parti: Frequency-Division Multiplexing a) Turn

bands as you saw them in laboratory 3 on the RAPIDS screen. 4) Press MKR and place the marker on the zero frequency spike. The spike represents a DC

Q: Measure the frequencies of the spectral components and sketch them. You will have to alternate between FREQ and MKR after choosing DELTA Marker t

a probe and the oscilloscope, verify the amplitude, frequency and period of each input wave. The commutator clock frequency can be measured at pin 15

Lab 4: Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Time-Division Multiplexing Data Sheet lb) Q: What are the frequencies for the carrier (fx) and its upp

Q: What is the AB to avoid crosstalk? Q: Change f^ to 50 kHz, measusre, sketch and calculate the frequency spacing again. Q: At what frequency does

Q: Measure all the frequencies again and explain the output. 2a) Q: Using a probe and the oscilloscope, verify the amplitude, frequency and perio

Q: Measure the period of one sample of the TDM signal. Explain how it does/does not differ from your prediction. Q: What is the bandwidth of this

Lab 4: Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Time-Division Multiplexing Solutions lb) Q: What are the frequencies for the carrier (fi) and its uppe

I. INTRODUCTION This document contains the development notes and results for a set of five laboratories designed to provide a working knowledge of the

Q: What is the bandwidth of each signal? A: The bandwidth of each signal is 20 kHz. Q: What is the bandwidth of the two signals added together? A: The

Id) Q: Measure the frequencies of the carrier and all of it's sidebands and sketch the spectrum of the FDM signal. Annotate the theoreti

A: Pin 4: DC voltage at 10 volts Pin 5: input sine wave, 5 Vpp, 30 Hz, T = 0.033 sec Pin 12: triangle wave, 3 V pp, 18 Hz, T = 0.055 sec Pin 1

Q: What is the bandwidth of this signal? A: The bandwidth expansion factor, N, equals 4. Therefore, B = (4)(18) = 36Hz. Lab 4 Data Sheet Page 5 103

LAB 4 Equipment List Based on 25 student class, 2-3 persons/team. Equipment Required/Team On/Hand Wavetek 132 or 142 2 24 Tektronix DM502A 1 25 Tektro

APPENDIXE. LABORATORY5 105

Lab 5: Phase Locked Loop Objective: To use the NE565 Phase Locked Loop (PLL) integrated circuit to demodulate a FM signal. Equipment: (1) Breadboard (

Ri, fc, and fj for Vcc = ±10 volts. Component values can be found on figure 1. /. 1.2 **A fc ' 2* N 2H/, A */. z ^ 3.6 x 103 C, vm i -10V 0.001

c) Display a 100 kHz sine wave with an amplitude of .25 mv from the Wavetek 186, on the oscilloscope channel 2. Adjust the Wavetek 186 settings to:

e) Change the values ofV^ to ±6 volts. Q: Recalculate the theoretical values of f0, fc, and f, using the actual values of the resistors and capacitors

the original in the frequency and time domains. Two signals are compared by listening to their tones. The procedure is repeated using a double tone cr

c) Verify that channel 3 is your message signal, channel 2 is the FM input to the PLL and channel 2 is the output signal. Move the output measurement

Lab 5: Phase Lock Loop Data Sheet la) Q: Use the following equations to determine f0, fc, and f, for Vcc = ±10 volts. Component values can be foun

Lock range: Capture range: Q: What is the amplitude of the output? Id) Q: Recalculate the theoretical values of f0, fc, and fj using the actual

Q: What effect does the Power supply to the chip have on the output. Q: What are the measured values for lock and capture ranges and center frequency

If) Q: What are fc, and fj for an input amplitude of .375 mv, .5mv and 1 mv? A: Amp f, fc fc fj lVpp 2Vpp .75Vpp 2a) Q: Vary the carr

2b) Q: Measure f0, fc, and f, for 4 = 1000 hz. ^: h fd f0 feu flu I I I I I Lock range: Capture range: 2c) Q: Is the output shifted?

Lab 5: Phase Locked Loop Solutions la) Q: Use the following equations to determine f0, fc, and f, for Vcc = ±10 volts. Component values can be fou

lc) Q: By varying the frequency, determine the range that the PLL remains locked (upper and lower frequencies). A: % rci f0 fcu flu I I I

fc" 2*\ 2n(48.255xl03) 360.72xl0"6 = 4614 .2Hz le) Q: With V^ ±6 volts, recalculate the theoretical values of f0, fC) and fj using the

A: The lock and capture ranges get larger as the supply voltage lowers. The center frequency remains the same. Q: What are the measured values for loc

II. LABORATORY DEVELOPMENT NOTES A. LABORATORY DESIGN The majority of the development centered around providing adequate setups and circuits that woul

A; h fcl f0 feu flu I I I I I 25.5K 54.8K 62.6K 70.4K 102K Lock range: 76.5 kHz Capture range: 15.6 kHz Q: Why does this differ from the free ru

Q: What happens when the frequency exceeds the lock range? A: The circuit does not demodulate the output outside the lock range. Lab 5 Solutions Page

LAB 5 Equipment List Based on 25 student class, 2-3 persons/team. Equipment Required/Team On/Hand Wavetek 186 1 12 Wavetek 142 1 12 Tektronix DM502A 1

LIST OF REFERENCES 1. Coughlin R. F. and Driscoll F. F., Operational Ampliphiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J

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INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. DefenseTechnical Information Center 2 Cameron Station Alexandria, Virginia 22304-6145 2. Library, Code 52 2 Naval Postgra

the student who is unfamiliar with circuit construction in mind. For those students who are familiar with circuit construction, completion of this lab

(LPF). The LPF was constructed with the following specification, and components to ensure a 60dB rolloff [Ref. 1]: C3 = .01uf, Ct = 5C3 = .005 uf,

the input, the output of the envelope detector and the radio. Transmission of the signal also incorporates the use of the HP8656B signal generator. Us

Each signal component, as well as the composite wave, are measured for frequency, period and amplitude. The increase in signal bandwidth is also measu

in. LABORATORY EQUIPMENT The equipment required for the completion of all labs is listed in Table 1. It is recommended that each station be set up wit

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS FOR COMMUNICATIONS ANALYSIS by Shireen M. Cookson June, 1995 Thesis Advis

HP8590B Signal Generator 1 8 8 Speaker 8 10 AM Radio 8 1 461A Amplifier 8 7 Antenna 8 1 NE565 PLL 8 >40 4001 NOR 8 >50 CD4029B Counter 8 0 CD405

IV. CONCLUSION Overall, these laboratories cover several topics and help to build a broad scope of knowledge for the student being introduced to the f

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APPENDIX A. LABORATORY! 13

Lab 1: Introduction to Laboratory Equipment Objectives: To introduce the student to the laboratory equipment, circuit construction and troubleshooting

The end of the chip with the semicircular mark is the top. The pins are numbered from the top left. See Figure 1. Section of« breadboard Vertical rows

Turn off the power supply and connect the ground and the ± 15 volt leads to the circuit. Leave the power off. A + B Figure 2 Part 2: Introduction to R

VIEWTIME: 0.0s <CTRL> F9 DISPLAY TYPE: Variable Compressed <CTRL> F8 To display channels A, B, and C, press <CTRL> F7. Press A

Adjust the Wavetek 186 settings to: Waveform: sinusoid norm (no offset) Gen mode: cont symmetry: norm atten: -20 dB Your configuration should now look

inputs on channels A and B, and the output on channel C. Press F8 to label your plot. Press <Shift> PRT SC to plot. e) To pause the display duri

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour pe

Press <ALT> F10 until channel A is displayed. Press <return> to pause the display to measure the spectral frequency(s). Press <return&g

to the measurements taken with the RAPIDS system? Do not disconnect your summer circuit. It will be used for laboratory 3. Lab 1 Page 8 21

Lab 1: Introduction to Laboratory Equipment Data Sheet 2e) Q: Using the RAPIDS oscilloscope, what are the measured period and amplitude as well a

3a) Q: What are the measured frequency components and their amplitudes for each signal? Q: How do these measurements compare to the theoretical

Plot check list ü 4 kHz square wave, 1 kHz sine wave and their sum. (channels A, B, & C) □ Spectrum of sine wave □ Spectrum of square wave □ Spect

Lab 1: Introduction to Laboratory Equipment Solutions 2e) Q: Using the RAPIDS oscilloscope, what are the measured period and amplitude as well as

Square wave: AA 1 1 x(t) = (saitot + — sin3o>* + — sin5o? + ) 7t 3 5 2 11 *(0 = — (sin2 n 4000 t + — sin2n 1

3a) Q: What are the measured frequency components and their amplitudes for each signal? A: Channel Amp (mv) Freq(KHz) A (sine) 0.394 0.976 B (

Q: Using the tektronix 2445B oscilloscope, what are the measured frequency, period and amplitude of each signal? A: Channel Amp (mv) Period (us) Fr

4 KHz square ♦ 1 KHz sine IME/DIU: toots ACTIVE CHAHS: MC II : 500 mi/liu E : 500 KMiV C : I Mill 0 : 100 «Mil' IRI55E8: Ural liraillE: 0.0 S

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Spectruw of 4 KHz square wave mi««« mi, tom\ SAHNE RATE: SO kHz SfECtM «USD i FftlH: C:\RAPID I/O FILEHAItE: UtMnMi Enter Function, CR, SPC, or Esc Pl

LAB 1 Equipment List Equipment Required/Team On/Hand Wavetek 132 24 RAPIDS station 10 Tektronix DM502A 25 Tektronix PS503 35 1 Wavetek 186 12 The numb

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APPENDIXE. LABORATORY2 33

Lab 2: Sampling and Analog to Digital Conversion Objectives: To explore the sampling and quantization processes. To build and demonstrate the characte

Parti: Sample and Hold. LPF and Spectral Analysis a) Construct the circuit of Figure 1. You will need to connect a ground bus, a + 15 volt bus and a -

D = 2 V/div TRIGGER: Normal VBEWTIME: 0.0s DISPLAY TYPE: Variable Full Scale c) Set up the Wavetek 142 to produce a 1kHz square wave that varies betwe

Change the sample rate to 5000 Hz. Q: Calculate the first four harmonic's amplitude and frequencies for the sample pulse and the sampled output

the spectra averaged equals eight. You may want to plot both dB scale and volts scale to make measurements easier. Label the baseband frequency and sp

Lab 2: Sampling and Analog to Digital Conversion Data Sheet le) Q: You will not be able to make sense of the output, why not? What is the sample

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS FOR COMMUNICATIONS ANALYSIS Shireen M. Cookson B.S., Clarkson Universit

Q: Determine the first 4 harmonics (amplitude and frequency) for the sample pulse and the sampled output (for f=5000 and 4=1000). A: Sample Pul

lh) Q: How do the plotted spectra components compare to the calculated results in part If? Q: Does varying the frequency change the spectra outpu

Q: Draw a quantizing characteristic plot for the first 3 bits. 2c) Q: What is happening at the output? What happens as the sample pulse frequency

Lab 2: Sampling and Analog to Digital Conversion Solutions le) Q: You will not be able to make sense of the output, why not? What is the sample p

Q: Determine the first 4 harmonics (amplitude and frequency) for the sample pulse and the sampled output (for f=5000 and 4=1000). A: Sample Puls

TA ANf S(f) - m p ° XsincinTNfJ [b\f - fß ♦ nN)] ♦ 6|/ + /0(1 - «AT)]] 1st harmonic: 2nd harmonic: 3rd harmonic: 4th harmonic: Amp LSB USB

2b) Q: Calculate the quantization step size for this signal (0 to 10 volt analog input converted to an eight bit digital output). A: The resoluti

2c) Q: What is happening at the output? What happens as the sample pulse frequency is varied? A: The output is unipolar. Increasing the sample fr

lIMt/OI«: 100 W aCIIUE CHftKS: A e c ft : 5 Mi« f : ; Mi? C : J Mi'.' 0 : 2 Mi? MG'iEfi: Horm I WHIM: 0.0 $ npct at 1 KHz Sawle at 2Hlz

IIHE/BIli: 100« «CUKE CHANS: II 8 C Input at 1 KHz Sawple at 5 KHz (aiow Huwist Rate) .rmsu\nnrjiru\rL \ I.J Ff»TH:C:\SFECIRUH I/O fllEIKIIE: fspidSyj

IV

Spectrum of 5Kllz Sanple Pulse FftlH: :.\SPtCn!lllt I/O FILEMfittE: (tapidSys.DTl STftYUS-ACOUIRXH6 JBniBIfflraEiil» JM9:19 L Plot 5 WIM DOUME: f.O »

Spectnii ni '.jHplfd Signal Mil «i rm <l OOi iM: UIW lift Wliff j -50 \\\--/ V . . i\ ,{\ '"'* ' H/- &g

FflIH: C:\SPECISUH I/O FILEKftHE: fapidSys DT5 Spectruw of Sailed Signal io in Ml 1 STftlUSrflCOUIRIMG '" ' ;f llflliHfllffiilffiiSill

LAB 2 Equipment List Based on 25 student class, 2-3 persons/team. Equipment Required/Team On/Hand Breadboard 1 30 Wavetek 132 1 12 Wavetek 142 1 12 RA

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APPENDIX C. LABORATORY 3 55

Lab 3: Amplitude and Frequency Modulation Objective: To generate AM and FM signals and observe their spectra. To detect, transmit and receive AM signa

Parti: Amplitude Modulation (AM) Generation and Detection a) Turn on the power to the RAPIDS system and configure it as follows: TIME/DIV: lOOus A = 5

WAVETEK186 VCA N OFT 6A oc OP WAVETEK132 OUT Ö TRIG t Figure 1 d) Channel B is now a conventional AM signal. Adjust the attenuation variable knob on t

SAMPLE RATE: 50 kHz SPECTRA AVGD: 1 MAGNITUDE SCALING: volts e) Change the signal output of the Wavetek 132 to a sine wave. Construct the envelope det

ABSTRACT This is a set of five laboratories designed to provide a working knowledge of the subjects covered in a course on the basics of communication

f) Viewing the AM signal (channel B) on the spectrum analyzer, adjust the variable attenuation on the carrier (Wavetek 186) until the carrier is suppr

b) Split the input to the Wavetek 186 so the signal off the Wavetek 132 also goes to the HP8656B signal generator input, you will directly modulate th

frequencies we are transmitting. Q: What are these frequencies? Sketch the impulses. Once you hear the tone on the radio, vary the message frequenc

As before, the Wavetek 132 is the message signal. Set up the Wavetek 132 to produce a 1 V pp, 1kHz square wave, with the attenuation set to -20 dB.

Lab 3: Amplitude and Frequency Modulation Data Sheet Id) Q: Compute and draw the spectra of the square wave input and the AM wave. Include the ti

Q: Compute and draw the spectra of the modulated sine wave. Q: What effect does the modulation index have on the spectra of each signal? If)

Q: What are the time and frequency representations of the DSBSC signal? Q: What is the power of the DSBSC signal? Q: If the output of the envelope d

2a) Q: How do the tones differ? What does this tell you about the quality of this detector? 2b). Q: What are the frequencies being transmit

Q: What is the time domain complex envelope of this wave? Q: What are fandf". What is the frequency deviation? What is the modulation index (ß)?

Q: What is the frequency representation for the FM sine wave? Q: Measure f, f", and 2Af. What is the frequency deviation, ßand the bandwidth?

VI

Plot check list □ Square wave and 100% AM square wave □ Square wave spectrum □ 100% modulated square wave spectrum □ Sine wave, <100% modulated sin

Lab 3: Amplitude and Frequency Modulation Solutions Id) Q: Compute and draw the spectra of the square wave input and the AM wave. A: Square wave:

X(f) = j- [S(f + 20000 ) + b(f - 20000 )] + k — [b(f + 19000 ) + b(f - 19000 )] 2 a2 % + ka-^— [b(f + 21000 ) + b(f - 21000 )]+ k-^— [b(f ♦ 17000 ) +

Q: What effect does the modualtion index have on the spectra of each signal? A: Increasing the modulation increases the sideband amplitudes and decrea

X(f) = - [-(6(7 + 19000 ) + b(f - 19000 )) +-(6(f + 21000 ) + 6(f - 21000 ))] 4 2 2 Q: What is the power of the DSBSC AM signal? P = - A] - (0.

A: The tone of the envelope detector is higher, indicating it is removing lower frequencies. It could be improved. 2b) Q: What are these frequenc

4 4 4 s(t) = .5cos2ir 10000 cosß(—sin2*1000 / + sin2*3000/ + sin2* 5000/) it 3rc 5* 4

Q: What is the frequency representation of the FM sine wave. A: *(/> = AT,Jnm[b{f - fc - n/J + 6(f + fc + n/J] ß = 1.692 J0(ß) = .4 Jj

The plots listed below are attached in order: Plot 1: Square wave and 100% AM square wave Plot 2: Square wave spectrum Plot 3: 100% modulated square w

SQUARE HADE 160"/, HODULATIOH mm: mo i» AC HUE CHANS: Al A : 500 «MiO I i S00 HV/diV C • 1 V/4i« D : SCO KU/diV IF.I55ER: Horiul OlEliriHE: 0

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. LABORATORY DEVELOPMENT NOTES 3 A. LABORATORY DESIGN 3 B. LABORATORY 1: INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

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Alt IHMWIOfrKItt T»E/D1U: too us ACTIUE CHAHS: mc A : 100 KV/diU I I U/diU C : 2 U/diV D: SOU Hl)/diV IR166EP.: »on» I UIEtllltlE: 0.0 5 III&

IWE/DHI: 100 VS AC HUE CHAH5: IK : 500 HU/diV : U/liU C : 500 HV/diU 0 •' 500 HV/di« TRI66ER: Norn;I MEMIIIE: 0.0 f AN HOHILATION GREATER THAN

1 KHz SQUARE Ml HODÜLATED ON 20XHz CARRIER Plot 9 iinc/Dii: too « flCTIUE (WHS: M C A: 500 «Hill 1 ll/dio C s SWM/liq IK IKS ER: Hor Hat UIEIfl II»: 0

AHJSBSC Plot 11 FH TttlE/OW: 100 «5 ACTIVE CMS: n A = 500 Hll/diu I Win C : SOO «Miv 0 = 500 HU/«ii IÜIG5EI: Kor« »I VIEUII Hit: 0.0 $ Us mil:t :^SPEC

FK SQ HAUE UIHODU mi: Km iA) KISSER IVPE: torn; I SAItPLE (ME: 50 kHz SPECTRA AU60: 1 FAIR: C:\SFECIRUn I/O FIIEHAHE: RspidSys.OIS StMIISillCOIIIRIIIS

FH SINUSOID Will UOLTACE: tf.O (I p/p ACTIVE CHAN: I 1RAKSLAT HU 0.000 IHz limOOU WE: TRIGSER IVFE: Her« I SftHPlE (ME: SO kHz SFECTRA »1160: f e v t

LAB 3 Supply List Based on 25 student class, 2-3 persons/team. Equipment Required/Team On/Hand Wavetek 132 or 142 2 24 RAPIDS station 10 Tektronix DM5

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APPENDIX D. LABORATORY 4 89